IELTS Writing for High school students: How to Fix Unclear pronouns and reference words

Make sure each 'this', 'it' or 'they' points to one clear noun. If the reader has to guess, repeat the noun or use 'this' plus a noun such as 'this approach'.

At a glance

For: High school students
Problem: Unclear pronouns and reference words
Scoring criterion: Coherence and Cohesion
Task affected: Task 1 and Task 2
IELTS test: Academic
Typical effort: a few days
First step: Underline every 'this', 'that', 'it' and 'they' in your essay.

Why this happens to high school students

Unclear reference breaks the chain between sentences. Writers know what 'it' means, but the reader may see two possible nouns, and cohesion suffers when referencing is faulty or ambiguous.

Why this affects high school students: essays at school are marked for content, so grammar and cohesion are less practised.

Paragraphing is often inconsistent.

A strength to build on: Younger learners can build good writing habits and improve steadily with regular practice.

Fix it in four steps

Underline every 'this', 'that', 'it' and 'they' in your essay.
Draw an arrow to the noun each one refers to. If you cannot find one, rewrite the sentence.
Replace a bare 'this' with 'this' plus a noun when two things were mentioned before.
Vary reference with synonyms only when the meaning is exact.

Before and after

Before

Governments and companies invest in research and this can improve it.

After

Governments and companies invest in research, and this investment can improve public health.

Ten-minute drill: Mark all reference words in two past essays and fix any that point to more than one noun.

Questions and answers

What is the fastest way for high school students to fix unclear pronouns and reference words?

Make sure each 'this', 'it' or 'they' points to one clear noun. If the reader has to guess, repeat the noun or use 'this' plus a noun such as 'this approach'. Paragraphing is often inconsistent.

How long does it take high school students to fix unclear pronouns and reference words?

Most learners need a few days. Exam season competes with school, so plan around timetables and use short drills.

Is it safe to repeat the same noun?

A little repetition is better than ambiguity. Use pronouns for clear references and repeat or substitute a noun when a pronoun could mean two things.

What is the most common referencing error?

A bare 'this' that follows a sentence with several ideas. Adding a noun after it usually fixes the problem.

What does a good practice drill look like for high school students?

Mark all reference words in two past essays and fix any that point to more than one noun. Exam season competes with school, so plan around timetables and use short drills.

How can high school students tell they have fixed unclear pronouns and reference words?

A reader can follow every reference word to a single noun without re-reading.

What should high school students know about their IELTS Writing target?

Students applying to overseas universities need the score named in their offers. Start early, because Writing often takes the longest to improve.

Should high school students practise this on Task 1, Task 2 or both?

It shows up in both tasks. Fix it in Task 2 first, because Task 2 carries about twice the weight of Task 1, then check Task 1 with the same checklist. Younger learners can build good writing habits and improve steadily with regular practice.

Can an AI checker help high school students with unclear pronouns and reference words?

An AI checker can show where this pattern appears in your own essay and which criterion it affects, which makes the fix concrete. It gives a practice estimate, not an official IELTS score, so use it to choose the next revision, rewrite, and check again. The first check on this site is free.

Check your own essay

See where unclear pronouns and reference words appears in your own writing and which criterion it affects, then rewrite the weakest paragraph.

Run a free first check

Feedback is a practice estimate, not an official IELTS score. Last reviewed 2026-11-11. Score requirements change, so confirm them with the organisation that will read your result.