The 4-paragraph structure
Paragraph 1 — Paraphrase + thesis. One sentence paraphrasing the prompt, one sentence stating that the essay will discuss the problem and propose a solution.
Paragraph 2 — The problem. Identify the main cause with one specific example. Avoid listing multiple causes — depth beats breadth.
Paragraph 3 — The solution. One well-developed solution. Name the actor, the action, the mechanism (funding / policy / technology), and the expected outcome.
Paragraph 4 — Conclusion. Restate the problem and the solution in different words, and add a forward-looking prediction or recommendation.
The 4 most common mistakes
Band 8 model answer (problem-solution)
In many countries, traffic congestion in major cities has reached a point where the average commuter loses more than 80 hours per year stuck in traffic. This essay will discuss the main causes of this problem and propose practical solutions. The primary cause of urban congestion is the rapid growth of private car ownership. As incomes have risen in many developing economies, cars that were once a luxury have become a default mode of transport, while public transport investment has not kept pace. A secondary cause is the concentration of jobs in city centres, which forces long, single-direction commutes every morning and evening. The most effective solution is to expand and improve public transport, particularly metro and bus rapid transit systems. Cities such as Seoul and Bogotá have shown that when commuters have a reliable, affordable, and frequent alternative to driving, a substantial share of them switch voluntarily, easing congestion significantly. This solution works because it addresses the root cause — the lack of attractive alternatives — rather than penalising drivers. In conclusion, the rise in car ownership combined with weak public transport alternatives is the core cause of urban traffic congestion, and expanding public transport offers the most realistic and sustainable solution. If governments commit to long-term investment in this area, the time lost to congestion can be substantially reduced within a decade.
Frequently Asked Questions
How do I structure a problem-solution essay?▾
Paraphrase the prompt in one sentence. Body 1: explain the problem with one specific example. Body 2: propose a solution and explain why it would work. Conclude with a clear prediction or recommendation. Keep both problem and solution tightly tied to the original prompt — generic solutions lose band points.
How long should a problem-solution essay be?▾
Aim for 280–320 words. Going significantly over usually means you are listing solutions rather than developing the strongest one. Going under usually means the solution is underdeveloped.
Should I propose one solution or multiple?▾
One well-developed solution is almost always better than several underdeveloped ones. Examiners reward depth: explain the solution, give a concrete example, and show why it addresses the root cause. Listing three solutions with no development is a Band 6 mistake.
What's the biggest mistake on problem-solution essays?▾
Writing a solution that is not actually a solution — e.g. 'the government should educate people' is a slogan, not a solution. The Band 7+ solution names the actor, the action, the funding or policy mechanism, and the expected outcome.
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